1、Preface

    Painting is basic technology methods adopted by surface protection and decoration; it’s throughout every department in national economy. Currently China keeps down painting harm malignant development trend, but occupational hazard is still severe; fire accident and environment pollution is very serious. Painting technology improves by leaps and bounds but laggard technology still occupies quite proportion; protective works technology improves a lot but whole safety level urgently need to be improved. Relevant department should pay high attention to painting occupational hazard and take necessary measures and give close concern.

    After 80s years, China starts painting safety standardized work. Currently issued 11 national standard is as follows: GB/T14441《terms》, GB7691《labor safety and labor health management》（revised, applying for approval）, GB7692《painting preprocessing technology safety and its ventilation& purification》（revised，combine GB7692 and 7693），GB6514《painting technology safety and its ventilation& purification》（revised，combine GB6514 and 6515），GB12367《static electricity painting technology safety》，GB15607《powder static electricity painting technology safety》，GB17750《paint soaking technology safety》，GB14444《paint soaking room safety technology regulation》，GB14443《paint layer drying room safety technology regulation》，GB14773《static electricity spray gun and its auxiliary devices safety technology condition》，GB12942《limited space working safety technology requirement》etc. Following is an overview of main points in these standard systems.

    2、Limit, obsolete these paint products and technology which seriously harm human safety and health.

    Popularize actively those paint and technology which is beneficial to human safety and health.

    Forbidden to use paint, thinner and solvent containing benzene; and paint containing white lead; limited to use paint containing red lead; forbidden to use work-plant base paint containing benzene, mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, antimony and chromate.

    Forbidden to use benzene in preprocessing technology and to use flame method to eliminate old paint; and to use methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene and gasoline during large area un-oiling and eliminating old paint; limited to use dry sandblasting for rust removal.

    Further improve and enlarge limit and obsolete range during revising GB7691.

    Improve banned paint containing white lead and dry sandblasting for rust removal to forbidden to use; newly increase limited use of clean solution containing dichloroethane and chromate.

    3、Implement chemicals management to paint, metal cleaning solution and chemical treatment

    Implement international labor organization 《1990 chemicals treaty》management to chemicals used in painting work.

    Register paint and relevant chemicals manufactory enterprise to evaluate and confirm the chemicals harmfulness.

    Offer necessarily paint and relevant chemicals labels, package and safety technology instruction book complying with regulation.

    All economic department (production, operation, transportation, storage, using) need follow relevant rules.

    Imported paint and relevant chemicals must be provided with safety technology instruction book and label in Chinese.

    4、Select and arrange technology route reasonably

    Select and use paint and painting technology which is beneficial for human safety and health.

    Arrange technology route correctly; take necessary separation and space measures.

    Paint spraying room can’t be used alternatively for paint spraying and drying only if it meets specific criteria.

    Leveling and drip paint area must be equipped with local ventilation and drip paint collecting device.

    5、Engineering design must comply with safety, health, fire protection and environment-friendly requirements.

    Workshop arrangement shouldn’t harm environment and other production work.

    Painting operation room is better to arrange on top layer or side space.

    Confirm fire disaster type as per paint flash point; it need meet relevant rules such as fire resistance rating, fire separation, fire prevention partition, factory plant anti-explosion and safety evacuation.

    To select building structure, construction element and material should meet fire and explosion prevention requirement etc.

    6、Divide and control dangerous area separately and reasonably

    Extremely dangerous area   It should be divided to extremely dangerous area where it exists dangerous amount flammable and burnable vapor, paint mist, dust and painting area gathering burnable remains or preprocessing area; usually it’s not allowed to arrange electric equipment; if actually needed, it should strictly control electric explosion protection.

    Highly dangerous area    It should be divided to high degree dangerous area for electric explosion protection area where it possibly exists (include only exists for a shot time) mixture of explosive vapor, paint mist, dust etc. It should strictly control electric spark.

    Medium dangerous area    It means easily-burning fire disaster dangerous area. It should strictly control inflammables stock and dangerous source which can possible generate open fire.

    Mild dangerous area    It means factory shop or specified space which is flammable and specially equipped for painting operation. All open fire and outside fire is forbidden to enter in.

    7、Emphasis on electrical safety control

    Strictly divide electric anti-explosion grade and area range. Electric system model selection design, installation and acceptance must comply with divided grade range and standard. Electric system must include all relevant facilities such as equipment, circuit and its connection, fastening, support and lamp bracket etc.; none is exception to ensure electric whole safety.

    Implement correctly on grounding, connect to neutral and anti-static grounding.

    Take relevant lightning protection measures.

    8. Take necessarily ventilation protection technology measures.

    It is mainly local ventilation, aided by overall ventilation.

    It must choose reasonable method (wind speed, airflow composition, air exhaust method and restraining technology etc.) in worker operation area to make ventilation system achieve protecting workers health purpose.

    It must choose reasonable method (density calculation, temperature control, decompression, prevention of paint candles precipitation technology etc.) for ventilation enclosure space to ensure ventilation system achieve guaranteeing safety purpose.

    Reasonably select and arrange air fan, pipeline and its connection and fixing; take necessary measures such as density inspection, temperature control, electric grounding etc. to make ventilation system in a safe, stable and economically running condition.

    9、Take necessarily health protection measures

    Harmful factor in operation area (harmful substance, temperature, humidity, noise, lighting etc) must comply with national standard.

    Confirm health feature grade, added by necessary health auxiliary room and emergency health facilities.

    Conduct occupational health examination and harmful factors inspection periodically.

    10、Strictly control equipment safety property

    Equipment should have reasonable structure which is easy to operate, maintain and clean; enough strength and rigidity; proper material and connection.

    Equipment also should have necessary factor control meter, safety device and technology measures; limited overload and over-voltage safety device; temperature control on equipment surface in dangerous area; lighting fire energy, spark discharge safety distance control, high-tension shielding; voltage-withstand and airtight property for pressure-bearing device; emergency measures for urgent safety technology.

    Besides, it also includes: product brand (include specific project), compliance certificate and operation instruction manual (include safety contents) which comply with regulation.

    11、Equipped with interlock and warning device to prevent disaster happening and expansion

    Interlock device to control mal-operation on: acousto-optic signal device; power supply interruption interlock device in dangerous area; interval and manual operation self-locking device; interlock device for operation and ventilation system.

    Interlock device to control equipment failure: driving force, paint supply and ventilation system interlock and shutoff device; ventilation and conveying system interlock device.

    Interlock and warning device to control fire: temperature and density control warning device; interlock device for fire alarm and driving force, product conveying and fire extinguisher system; paint inflating conveying system and fire alarm, extinguisher system interlock device under specified conditions.

    Interlock device to prevent system internal explosion transmission.

    12、Note safety property for painting flow line product conveying system

    Product conveying system should match technology; circuit is reasonable and operation is stable.

    Space between products is properly to prevent collision.

    Hanger design should be reasonable to prevent product fall off.

    There should be necessary grounding, anti-static measures.

    There should be measures to prevent hanger from outside corrosion.

    13、Control locale paint storage and transportation

    Setting specialized paint matching room.

    Limit locale paint chemicals stock.

    Paint convey pipeline arrangement, material and connection, paint flow velocity, paint supply etc must be placed within safety control range.

    Strictly limit to use inflate to convey paint technology unless it complies with specified conditions.

    14、Necessary purified measures

    As per different technology and immission property, quantity, feature, it should reasonably select organic solvent and industrial waste water purified facility (include heavy metal in water) and strictly control its safety performance.

    Workshop noise should comply with environmental protection standard.

    15、Put emphasis on personnel control link in human engineering system safety

    Conduct safety technology training to paint design and technology operator.

    Build safety operation, equipment maintenance, locale management etc. rules and regulations.

    Conduct monitoring, inspection periodically, maintenance and adjusting equipment.

    Set safety and protection device, safety signal and offer reasonable protective equipment for operators.

    16、Special environment operation and special group protection

    Limited space should strictly execute ventilation, guarding, explosion testing, hot work etc. relevant safety technology conditions.

    Practice taboo labor range system to women.

    Under age youth is forbidden to engage in poisonous and dust operation.

    17、Summary

    Painting safety is a strongly comprehensive, wide range and high technology requirements standard system, only referenced relevant fire-fighting, electric, industry health, chemicals, environment protection, labor safety, inspection method etc. national and industrial standard is up to 51 items; specific qualitative and quantitative technology requirements still need to be looked up in standard text.